此帖转自 kiwi 在 军事天地（Military） 的帖子：我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
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（转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
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#4 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
惨
In the United States, **citizenship is legally required** to register and cast a vote in **federal, state, and most statewide and local elections**. However, **proof of citizenship**—such as providing a birth certificate, passport, or naturalization papers—is **not universally required in practice**, and generally not needed unless specified by state law.
---
##
Citizenship Requirement to Register and Vote
* Federal law (the **National Voter Registration Act of 1993**), uses a **federal registration form** that requires applicants to **attest under penalty of perjury** that they are U.S. citizens. It does **not require documentary proof** of citizenship. ([Ballotpedia][1], [Wikipedia][2])
* As a result, in **most states**, **attesting to citizenship** is sufficient—**no documents are needed** unless the state law says otherwise. ([Law Stack Exchange][3], [Wikipedia][4])
---
##
State‑by‑State: Who Must Prove Citizenship?
According to Ballotpedia and recent updates:
* As of **mid‑2025**, **seven states** had passed laws requiring proof of U.S. citizenship to register: **Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming**. ([Ballotpedia][1])
* **Kansas’s law** was struck down by court and is no longer enforced.
* **Georgia and Louisiana** have laws on the books but have **not yet implemented** them.
* The only state currently enforcing the requirement is **Wyoming**, which requires proof for **new registrations and updates**. ([Ballotpedia News][5])
* In **Arizona**, proof is still enforced: otherwise applicants become “federal‑only” registrants (able to vote only in federal races if citizenship is not verified). ([politifact.com][6])
* In **all other states**, no documentary proof of citizenship is required—simply checking the citizenship box on the form suffices to register for both federal and state elections. ([Wikipedia][4])
---
##
Proposed National Changes (SAVE Act & Executive Order)
* In **March 2025**, former President Trump signed an **executive order** and the **House passed** the **SAVE Act** (Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act). These measures aimed to require **documentary proof of citizenship** at the time of voter registration for federal elections. ([findlaw.com][7])
* However, **federal courts have blocked key provisions**, ruling they likely overstep presidential authority and conflict with state-managed election processes. Several courts issued **preliminary injunctions** against enforcing the citizenship‑documentation mandate. ([apnews.com][8])
---
##
Summary Table
---
##
So, do you need proof of citizenship?
* **Generally, no.** In most places, registering requires only attesting you’re a citizen.
* Only a **handful of states** explicitly require documentation—and currently, **only Wyoming and Arizona enforce it**.
---
##
Legal Backdrop
* Federal law **preempts state rules requiring proof** with the uniform federal form, according to the **2013 Supreme Court decision** overturning Arizona’s attempt. ([Ballotpedia][1], [Wikipedia][4])
* **Court rulings** have also blocked nationwide enforcement efforts like executive orders or SAVE Act provisions, affirming that states administer election procedures. ([apnews.com][8], [reuters.com][9])
---
## Bottom Line
* **Citizenship is always required** to register and vote.
* But with **few exceptions**, **documentary proof is not required**—a signed statement usually suffices.
* Exceptions exist only in a few states, and currently **only a couple actively enforce** those rules.
* National-level proposals to mandate documents have so far been **legally blocked**.
---
If you’d like specifics for your state, I can look that up too!
[1]: https://ballotpedia.org/Proof_of_citize ... hatgpt.com "Proof of citizenship requirements for voter registration by state"
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_ ... hatgpt.com "National Voter Registration Act of 1993"
[3]: https://law.stackexchange.com/questions ... hatgpt.com "Do all US states require proof of citizenship in order to vote in ..."
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_ide ... hatgpt.com "Voter identification laws in the United States"
[5]: https://news.ballotpedia.org/2025/07/21 ... hatgpt.com "A look at state laws requiring proof of citizenship for voter registration"
[6]: https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2 ... hatgpt.com "Do states verify citizenship of voters in federal elections?"
[7]: https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/law- ... hatgpt.com "FAQs About the Voter ID Executive Order - FindLaw"
[8]: https://apnews.com/article/4f863aaa8e0c ... hatgpt.com "Judge blocks Trump's election executive order, siding with Democrats who called it overreach"
[9]: https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-jud ... hatgpt.com "US judge blocks Trump administration from overhauling federal elections"
In the United States, **citizenship is legally required** to register and cast a vote in **federal, state, and most statewide and local elections**. However, **proof of citizenship**—such as providing a birth certificate, passport, or naturalization papers—is **not universally required in practice**, and generally not needed unless specified by state law.
---
##
Citizenship Requirement to Register and Vote* Federal law (the **National Voter Registration Act of 1993**), uses a **federal registration form** that requires applicants to **attest under penalty of perjury** that they are U.S. citizens. It does **not require documentary proof** of citizenship. ([Ballotpedia][1], [Wikipedia][2])
* As a result, in **most states**, **attesting to citizenship** is sufficient—**no documents are needed** unless the state law says otherwise. ([Law Stack Exchange][3], [Wikipedia][4])
---
##
State‑by‑State: Who Must Prove Citizenship?According to Ballotpedia and recent updates:
* As of **mid‑2025**, **seven states** had passed laws requiring proof of U.S. citizenship to register: **Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming**. ([Ballotpedia][1])
* **Kansas’s law** was struck down by court and is no longer enforced.
* **Georgia and Louisiana** have laws on the books but have **not yet implemented** them.
* The only state currently enforcing the requirement is **Wyoming**, which requires proof for **new registrations and updates**. ([Ballotpedia News][5])
* In **Arizona**, proof is still enforced: otherwise applicants become “federal‑only” registrants (able to vote only in federal races if citizenship is not verified). ([politifact.com][6])
* In **all other states**, no documentary proof of citizenship is required—simply checking the citizenship box on the form suffices to register for both federal and state elections. ([Wikipedia][4])
---
##
Proposed National Changes (SAVE Act & Executive Order)* In **March 2025**, former President Trump signed an **executive order** and the **House passed** the **SAVE Act** (Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act). These measures aimed to require **documentary proof of citizenship** at the time of voter registration for federal elections. ([findlaw.com][7])
* However, **federal courts have blocked key provisions**, ruling they likely overstep presidential authority and conflict with state-managed election processes. Several courts issued **preliminary injunctions** against enforcing the citizenship‑documentation mandate. ([apnews.com][8])
---
##
Summary Table| **Situation** | **Proof of Citizenship Required?** |
|---|---|
| Most U.S. states, using federal or state form |  No (attestation under penalty of perjury) |
| **Arizona (state law enforced)** | Yes (or applicant gets "federal‑only" ballot status) |
| **Wyoming** | Yes for new registrations & updates |
| **Alabama, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire** |  Yes on paper, but **not currently enforced** (KS struck down; GA & LA not implemented) |
##
So, do you need proof of citizenship?* **Generally, no.** In most places, registering requires only attesting you’re a citizen.
* Only a **handful of states** explicitly require documentation—and currently, **only Wyoming and Arizona enforce it**.
---
##
Legal Backdrop* Federal law **preempts state rules requiring proof** with the uniform federal form, according to the **2013 Supreme Court decision** overturning Arizona’s attempt. ([Ballotpedia][1], [Wikipedia][4])
* **Court rulings** have also blocked nationwide enforcement efforts like executive orders or SAVE Act provisions, affirming that states administer election procedures. ([apnews.com][8], [reuters.com][9])
---
##
Bottom Line* **Citizenship is always required** to register and vote.
* But with **few exceptions**, **documentary proof is not required**—a signed statement usually suffices.
* Exceptions exist only in a few states, and currently **only a couple actively enforce** those rules.
* National-level proposals to mandate documents have so far been **legally blocked**.
---
If you’d like specifics for your state, I can look that up too!
[1]: https://ballotpedia.org/Proof_of_citize ... hatgpt.com "Proof of citizenship requirements for voter registration by state"
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_ ... hatgpt.com "National Voter Registration Act of 1993"
[3]: https://law.stackexchange.com/questions ... hatgpt.com "Do all US states require proof of citizenship in order to vote in ..."
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_ide ... hatgpt.com "Voter identification laws in the United States"
[5]: https://news.ballotpedia.org/2025/07/21 ... hatgpt.com "A look at state laws requiring proof of citizenship for voter registration"
[6]: https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2 ... hatgpt.com "Do states verify citizenship of voters in federal elections?"
[7]: https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/law- ... hatgpt.com "FAQs About the Voter ID Executive Order - FindLaw"
[8]: https://apnews.com/article/4f863aaa8e0c ... hatgpt.com "Judge blocks Trump's election executive order, siding with Democrats who called it overreach"
[9]: https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-jud ... hatgpt.com "US judge blocks Trump administration from overhauling federal elections"
#13 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
This is called talking off your pants to fart. It has been like that for many years.
#15 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
你这个说法，从美国宪政结构和普通法传统来看，是基本正确的。我们可以分几个层面来分析这句话：
一、宪法规定的投票权（权利来源）
美国联邦宪法虽然没有正面赋予“所有美国公民都有投票权”的统一条款，但通过一系列修正案明确了：
第十五修正案：不得因种族、肤色、或奴役状态剥夺投票权
第十九修正案：不得因性别剥夺投票权
第二十四修正案：不得因未缴人头税剥夺投票权
第二十六修正案：18岁以上的美国公民不得被剥夺投票权
虽然宪法主要是禁止政府歧视性剥夺投票权，但在司法解释中，"voting is a fundamental right of citizens" 是一项被认为受到高度保护的“正当程序+平等保护”权利。
二、普通法原则：“你不用证明自己有权利，别人要证明你没有权利”
在美国普通法的背景下，有一个核心原则：
“假定个人拥有权利，政府要承担举证责任剥夺它。”
应用到公民身份上，就是：
如果A声称自己是美国公民，
政府想要阻止他投票，就必须由政府举证，证明A不是公民。
政府不能要求A先证明自己是公民才能行使权利（除非法律正当合理地规定了程序要求，如登记表格、身份文件等）。
三、法律实践：登记制度是“程序要求”，不是“否定权利”
很多州设有选民登记制度，要求人们在投票前登记并提供身份证明。这并不是剥夺投票权，而是被法院认可为：
“为了保障选举完整性和秩序的合理手段”
但是，如果登记制度设计得过于苛刻、不成比例或刻意歧视某些群体（比如对穷人、少数族裔、天然更难证明身份的人群），法院可能认定违反了宪法。
四、经典案例如下：
Crawford v. Marion County (2008)：最高法院认可了印第安纳州要求投票人提供带照片身份证的法律，认为不构成不当限制。
Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council (2013)：最高法院裁定亚利桑那州不能要求选民提供公民身份文件（如出生证明），因为联邦《国家选民登记法》已设立了标准。
总结你这句话：
“宪法没有要求A证明自己是公民，政府要证明A不是美国公民，才能不让A投票。”
这个表述，从宪法结构+普通法推定权利的角度是正确的。
行政机关不能随意剥夺投票权，必须提供合理依据。
除非有具体法律授权政府可设置“合理登记程序”，否则不能倒置举证责任。
如你想进一步研究这个原则的起源或演化，可以从：
Due Process Clause（正当程序条款）
Presumption of liberty（自由的推定）
Voting Rights Act 和相关案例法
深入展开，我也可以帮你查判例和法理学背景。
一、宪法规定的投票权（权利来源）美国联邦宪法虽然没有正面赋予“所有美国公民都有投票权”的统一条款，但通过一系列修正案明确了：
第十五修正案：不得因种族、肤色、或奴役状态剥夺投票权
第十九修正案：不得因性别剥夺投票权
第二十四修正案：不得因未缴人头税剥夺投票权
第二十六修正案：18岁以上的美国公民不得被剥夺投票权
虽然宪法主要是禁止政府歧视性剥夺投票权，但在司法解释中，"voting is a fundamental right of citizens" 是一项被认为受到高度保护的“正当程序+平等保护”权利。
二、普通法原则：“你不用证明自己有权利，别人要证明你没有权利”在美国普通法的背景下，有一个核心原则：
“假定个人拥有权利，政府要承担举证责任剥夺它。”
应用到公民身份上，就是：
如果A声称自己是美国公民，
政府想要阻止他投票，就必须由政府举证，证明A不是公民。
政府不能要求A先证明自己是公民才能行使权利（除非法律正当合理地规定了程序要求，如登记表格、身份文件等）。
三、法律实践：登记制度是“程序要求”，不是“否定权利”很多州设有选民登记制度，要求人们在投票前登记并提供身份证明。这并不是剥夺投票权，而是被法院认可为：
“为了保障选举完整性和秩序的合理手段”
但是，如果登记制度设计得过于苛刻、不成比例或刻意歧视某些群体（比如对穷人、少数族裔、天然更难证明身份的人群），法院可能认定违反了宪法。
四、经典案例如下：Crawford v. Marion County (2008)：最高法院认可了印第安纳州要求投票人提供带照片身份证的法律，认为不构成不当限制。
Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council (2013)：最高法院裁定亚利桑那州不能要求选民提供公民身份文件（如出生证明），因为联邦《国家选民登记法》已设立了标准。
总结你这句话：“宪法没有要求A证明自己是公民，政府要证明A不是美国公民，才能不让A投票。”
这个表述，从宪法结构+普通法推定权利的角度是正确的。 行政机关不能随意剥夺投票权，必须提供合理依据。 除非有具体法律授权政府可设置“合理登记程序”，否则不能倒置举证责任。如你想进一步研究这个原则的起源或演化，可以从：
Due Process Clause（正当程序条款）
Presumption of liberty（自由的推定）
Voting Rights Act 和相关案例法
深入展开，我也可以帮你查判例和法理学背景。
#16 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
核实公民身份不是看个证这么简单，因为不存在公民证
核实公民身份应该是在选民登记到投票之间的时间在背后做,包括核实每个公民只在一个州登记，等等
如果放弃选民登记后的身份核实，一个人可以投票好几次
核实公民身份应该是在选民登记到投票之间的时间在背后做,包括核实每个公民只在一个州登记，等等
如果放弃选民登记后的身份核实，一个人可以投票好几次
#17 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
有多难，不就birth certificate, passport,naturalization certificate 不会有人没有吧...？gjq 写了： 2025年 8月 4日 10:47 核实公民身份不是看个证这么简单，因为不存在公民证
核实公民身份应该是在选民登记到投票之间的时间在背后做,包括核实每个公民只在一个州登记，等等
如果放弃选民登记后的身份核实，一个人可以投票好几次
#18 Re: （转载）我擦 违宪了吧 选民登记竟然需要出示公民证明了
出生证什么时候可以成为公民身份的证明了？
HouseMD 写了： 2025年 8月 4日 10:51 有多难，不就birth certificate, passport,naturalization certificate 不会有人没有吧...？