20楼有人发了英文全文,根本就没有什么印度损失4架阵风,你和傅前哨造谣都实锤了。
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How did Pakistan shoot down India’s fighter jets?
New clues suggest Indian errors and Chinese arms may both be to blame
Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel stand in front of the Rafale fighter jet during Aero India
Photograph: Getty Images
Jul 16th 2025
They were used to hearing fighter jets from a nearby airbase. But this noise was louder and less familiar: a roar punctuated by repeated explosions. Residents of Akalia Kalan, a village in northern India, leapt from their beds as it grew closer in the early hours of May 7th. Outside, they saw a ball of flames pass overhead and crash into a nearby field. The wreckage was clearly identifiable as a fighter. Two bystanders died, according to villagers. The two Indian pilots had ejected earlier and were found, injured, in fields nearby.
India has yet to confirm it officially but this was one of a number of its fighter jets that were lost in a four-day conflict with Pakistan in May. The Indian government disputes Pakistan’s claim to have shot down six warplanes, including three of its new French Rafale jets. But foreign military officials believe that five Indian aircraft were destroyed, including at least one Rafale. And Indian military officers, while refusing to confirm numbers, do now admit to losing some aircraft. What is more, they are starting to indicate that the losses may have stemmed from Indian errors rather than technological deficiencies.
The admissions are significant because China is Pakistan’s top arms supplier. This was the first conflict in which advanced Chinese fighters and missiles were used against Western and Russian equivalents. America and its allies are especially interested, as China could use much of the same weaponry in a potential war over Taiwan. Early reports suggested that the decisive factor was the superiority of Pakistan’s Chinese-made J-10 fighters and its PL-15 air-to-air missiles. India does appear to have underestimated those. And China may have also tipped the balance by providing Pakistan with early warning and real-time targeting data.
But given India’s success later on in the fight, the bigger problem might have been how India used its own fighters on that first night. One of the latest and most controversial twists in the saga came in June when Indian news outlets aired a recording of Captain Shiv Kumar, India’s defence attaché in Jakarta, addressing a seminar earlier in the month. He said that India lost some aircraft only because its political leadership had ordered its air force not to hit Pakistan’s air defences. Instead, they targeted only militant sites on the first day. “After the loss, we changed our tactics and we went for their military installations,” Captain Kumar said.
That followed an acknowledgment from General Anil Chauhan, India’s chief of defence staff, in a television interview at the end of May that India lost some planes on the first night of the conflict because of “tactical mistakes”. He went on to say that India had rectified its errors after two days, allowing all its fighters to fly again and to strike targets in Pakistan from long range. India did have more success later in the conflict when its missiles overcame Pakistan’s air defences and hit several of its military bases.
One theory among foreign officials is that on the first day, India did not mount its Rafales with Meteor long-range air-to-air missiles (presumably thinking that they were beyond the reach of Pakistan’s fighters or that Pakistan’s initial response would be less escalatory). Another is that India’s fighters did not have the right electronic jamming equipment, up-to-date software or relevant data to protect them from Pakistan’s new weaponry. A third, and broader, explanation is that India lacked the necessary “mission data” to understand how Pakistan could identify Indian plans, pass data to its own jets and guide missiles to their targets.
Fight club
But if the fighters were made vulnerable because of orders from political leaders to only hit militant targets, as Captain Kumar suggests, then responsibility would lie more with the government of Narendra Modi. While consistent with India’s approach to other recent clashes with Pakistan, in which India has sought to avoid escalation, such orders would not have taken into account recent improvements in Pakistan’s capabilities. That suggestion is now fuelling opposition allegations of a cover-up. “Why is the PM refusing to preside over an all-party meeting and take the opposition into confidence? Why has the demand for a special session of parliament been rejected?” asks Jairam Ramesh, a spokesman for the opposition Congress party.
There are implications, too, for India’s biggest defence deal in years. It is expected to launch a long overdue tender for 114 fighters this year. And Dassault, the French manufacturer of Rafales, is a leading contender alongside Sweden’s Saab and America’s Boeing and Lockheed Martin. But some Indian military figures have suggested that the Rafales under-performed in the recent conflict. Others complain that Dassault is reluctant to share the source code for the Rafale’s software, preventing India from adapting the aircraft to suit its own needs. Since the conflict, Chinese diplomats are also said to have been badmouthing Rafales to other prospective buyers and urging them to buy Chinese fighters, instead.
Dassault executives are anxious to reassure countries that have bought Rafales, including Egypt, Indonesia, Qatar and the UAE, as well as potential future customers. But the company is constrained in what it can say publicly, for fear of angering India. It is also unclear to what extent Dassault has been permitted to take part in India’s investigation into the episode. Eric Trappier, Dassault’s aviation chairman, has dismissed as “simply untrue” Pakistan’s claims to have downed three Rafales. “When the complete details are known, the reality may surprise many,” he told a French magazine in an interview published on June 11th. He also said that the Rafale was “far better than anything China currently offers”.
The French government is also under pressure to explain what would be the first confirmed loss of a Rafale in combat. Marc Chavent, a member of France’s parliament, submitted a written question to the government in late May voicing concern that the SPECTRA electronic-warfare system on India’s Rafales failed to detect or jam Pakistan’s Chinese-made PL-15 air-to-air missiles. He asked if newer Rafales would have an upgraded version of SPECTRA and whether France was considering developing a fighter designed specifically for electronic warfare. SPECTRA’s performance is also of interest to countries that use or have ordered Rafales.
Back in Akalia Kalan and nearby villages, relatives of the dead and injured have more immediate concerns. Raj Kumar Singh, who died of head injuries from one of the blasts, left behind a wife, two children and a 70-year-old mother with little means to support themselves. They have not yet been offered compensation or been visited by local officials or politicians. Instead, says one villager, the authorities “want to bury news of this crash”. ■
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wanmeishijie 写了: 2025年 7月 16日 23:14
阵风不是被击落3架,而是4架,美刊的编辑戳中了印军的肺管子