老领导动不动就拍脑袋下结论，然后就觉得自己比走线的高明。现在查chatgpt很容易啊，看看这些研究是不是药厂出钱的吧：
Type of Research Sponsored by Pharma?
Phase 1–3 Clinical Trials
Yes (required)
Real-world effectiveness studies
Often No
Government agency reports
No
University-led research
Often No
WHO/CDC global comparisons
No
Government Agencies
These conduct or fund large-scale, peer-reviewed studies:
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.)
NIH (National Institutes of Health, U.S.)
Public Health England / UK Health Security Agency
European Medicines Agency (EMA)
WHO (World Health Organization)
These agencies often track real-world vaccine effectiveness, such as hospitalizations, deaths, and breakthrough infections—independently from manufacturers.
Academic Institutions
Universities and medical centers conduct studies using public or grant funding:
Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Oxford, Stanford, etc.
Frequently publish in peer-reviewed journals like The Lancet, NEJM, or JAMA.
Many use public health data from large populations (e.g., Kaiser Permanente, VA hospitals, state databases).
Independent Collaborations and Nonprofits
Cochrane Collaboration, GAVI, John Snow Project, etc.
Independent of pharma; focus on evidence-based assessments.
The Lancet COVID-19 Commission included diverse experts globally.
Pharmaceutical Companies
Yes, drug companies (Pfizer, Moderna, etc.) conduct their own clinical trials, especially Phase 1–3. These are:
Required for FDA or EMA approval
Subject to external review and regulatory oversight
Typically published alongside methodology and conflict-of-interest disclosures
But those initial trials are only one part of the picture.
Who Reviews and Verifies?
Regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, etc.) independently verify trial data.
External peer reviewers (scientists with no ties to the drug makers) review studies before publication.
Real-world effectiveness is then assessed by government and academic teams, often more important than early trial results.
Yes (required)
Often No
These agencies often track real-world vaccine effectiveness, such as hospitalizations, deaths, and breakthrough infections—independently from manufacturers.
Who Reviews and Verifies?