一个脱离帝制才12年的国家,而且共和制度的完善性还比不上同期的中华民国,作者说这些话就完全是用今天的思维来讲述当时的情况,说的好像当时有多少人反对纳粹似的。对当时的德国人来说,纳粹并不是负面反动的思潮,只不过是德国传统在现代制度下的回归,是德国救亡图存恢复往日荣光的领路人,是符合德国国情的正确选择。
《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
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#21 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
#22 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
you are indeed correct. In all actuality, Nazism is as "normal" as MAGAism today.
"我们没有组织性,缺乏领导力,我们能做什么“?一个德国工人也许向你提出这个问题。他坦然接受自己在纳粹德国的角色的最大原因,毫无疑问,是他又找到了工作,以及这份工作带来的稳定性。
一个了解魏玛时期经济危机的观察者可以理解这其中缘由:这个第三帝国的工人其实并不非常担心政治自由的丧失,甚至是工会的丧失。对于他们许多人来说,对于多达六百万工人和他们的家人来说,德国自由公民的政治权力有什么用?几乎就是挨饿的自由。
"Unorganized as he was and lacking leadership, what could he do? A workman often put that question to you. But the greatest cause of his acceptance of his role in Nazi Germany was, without any doubt at all, that he had a job again and the assurance that he would keep it. An observer who had known something about his precarious predicament during the Republic could understand why he did not seem to be desperately concerned with the loss of political freedom and even of his trade unions as long as he was employed full-time. In the past, for so many, for as many as six million men and their families, such rights of free men in Germany had been overshadowed, as he said, by the freedom to starve. "
"我们没有组织性,缺乏领导力,我们能做什么“?一个德国工人也许向你提出这个问题。他坦然接受自己在纳粹德国的角色的最大原因,毫无疑问,是他又找到了工作,以及这份工作带来的稳定性。
一个了解魏玛时期经济危机的观察者可以理解这其中缘由:这个第三帝国的工人其实并不非常担心政治自由的丧失,甚至是工会的丧失。对于他们许多人来说,对于多达六百万工人和他们的家人来说,德国自由公民的政治权力有什么用?几乎就是挨饿的自由。
"Unorganized as he was and lacking leadership, what could he do? A workman often put that question to you. But the greatest cause of his acceptance of his role in Nazi Germany was, without any doubt at all, that he had a job again and the assurance that he would keep it. An observer who had known something about his precarious predicament during the Republic could understand why he did not seem to be desperately concerned with the loss of political freedom and even of his trade unions as long as he was employed full-time. In the past, for so many, for as many as six million men and their families, such rights of free men in Germany had been overshadowed, as he said, by the freedom to starve. "
jhe123 写了: 2024年 11月 27日 16:02 一个脱离帝制才12年的国家,而且共和制度的完善性还比不上同期的中华民国,作者说这些话就完全是用今天的思维来讲述当时的情况,说的好像当时有多少人反对纳粹似的。对当时的德国人来说,纳粹并不是负面反动的思潮,只不过是德国传统在现代制度下的回归,是德国救亡图存恢复往日荣光的领路人,是符合德国国情的正确选择。
#24 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
LOL,这就开始说瞎话了,都是某个社会的主要思潮所以就是一个性质?fieldman 写了: 2024年 11月 27日 17:05 you are indeed correct. In all actuality, Nazism is as "normal" as MAGAism today.
"我们没有组织性,缺乏领导力,我们能做什么“?一个德国工人也许向你提出这个问题。他坦然接受自己在纳粹德国的角色的最大原因,毫无疑问,是他又找到了工作,以及这份工作带来的稳定性。
一个了解魏玛时期经济危机的观察者可以理解这其中缘由:这个第三帝国的工人其实并不非常担心政治自由的丧失,甚至是工会的丧失。对于他们许多人来说,对于多达六百万工人和他们的家人来说,德国自由公民的政治权力有什么用?几乎就是挨饿的自由。
"Unorganized as he was and lacking leadership, what could he do? A workman often put that question to you. But the greatest cause of his acceptance of his role in Nazi Germany was, without any doubt at all, that he had a job again and the assurance that he would keep it. An observer who had known something about his precarious predicament during the Republic could understand why he did not seem to be desperately concerned with the loss of political freedom and even of his trade unions as long as he was employed full-time. In the past, for so many, for as many as six million men and their families, such rights of free men in Germany had been overshadowed, as he said, by the freedom to starve. "
按这个逻辑,中国特色的社会主义,朝鲜主体思想,和军国主义,纳粹都是一回事,因为都是as normal as each other.
这次选举
#25 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
this is for my own note taking. This book is both classic and timely. I would not remember them had I not been taking notes.
#26 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
即使不是恐慌,慕尼黑协定在莫斯科也引发了一丝不安。尽管苏联在军事上与捷克斯洛伐克和法国有盟约,但法国政府却毫无抗议地与德国和英国一道将俄罗斯排除在慕尼黑之外。斯大林没有忘记这一冷落,并在接下来的几个月里让这两个英法西方民主国家付出了惨重的代价。
10 月 3 日,慕尼黑事件发生四天后,德国驻莫斯科大使馆参赞沃纳·冯·蒂佩尔斯基希 (Werner von Tippelskirch) 向柏林报告了慕尼黑事件对苏联政策的“后果”。他认为斯大林“会得出结论”;他确信苏联会“重新考虑其外交政策”,对盟友法国变得不那么友好,而对德国“更加正面”。
"After Munich how could France’s remaining allies in Eastern Europe have any confidence in her written word? What value now were alliances with France? The answer in Warsaw, Bucharest and Belgrade was: Not much; and there was a scramble in these capitals to make the best deal possible, while there was still time, with the Nazi conqueror.
And if not a scramble, there was a stir in Moscow. Though the Soviet Union was militarily allied to both Czechoslovakia and France, the French government had gone along with Germany and Britain, without protest, in excluding Russia from Munich. It was a snub which Stalin did not forget and which was to cost the two Western democracies dearly in the months to come. On October 3, four days after Munich, the counselor of the German Embassy in Moscow, Werner von Tippelskirch, reported to Berlin on the “consequences” of Munich for Soviet policy. He thought Stalin “would draw conclusions”; he was certain the Soviet Union would “reconsider her foreign policy,” become less friendly to her ally France and “more positive” toward Germany".
10 月 3 日,慕尼黑事件发生四天后,德国驻莫斯科大使馆参赞沃纳·冯·蒂佩尔斯基希 (Werner von Tippelskirch) 向柏林报告了慕尼黑事件对苏联政策的“后果”。他认为斯大林“会得出结论”;他确信苏联会“重新考虑其外交政策”,对盟友法国变得不那么友好,而对德国“更加正面”。
"After Munich how could France’s remaining allies in Eastern Europe have any confidence in her written word? What value now were alliances with France? The answer in Warsaw, Bucharest and Belgrade was: Not much; and there was a scramble in these capitals to make the best deal possible, while there was still time, with the Nazi conqueror.
And if not a scramble, there was a stir in Moscow. Though the Soviet Union was militarily allied to both Czechoslovakia and France, the French government had gone along with Germany and Britain, without protest, in excluding Russia from Munich. It was a snub which Stalin did not forget and which was to cost the two Western democracies dearly in the months to come. On October 3, four days after Munich, the counselor of the German Embassy in Moscow, Werner von Tippelskirch, reported to Berlin on the “consequences” of Munich for Soviet policy. He thought Stalin “would draw conclusions”; he was certain the Soviet Union would “reconsider her foreign policy,” become less friendly to her ally France and “more positive” toward Germany".
上次由 fieldman 在 2024年 11月 30日 13:01 修改。
#27 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
那场战争的结果是,波兰以牺牲苏联为代价,将其东部边界推进至以民族聚居区为准的寇松线以东 150 英里——这条边境将四百五十万乌克兰人和一百五十万白俄罗斯人转移到波兰统治之下。 波兰的西部和东部边界分别令德国和俄罗斯无法接受——当柏林和莫斯科在 1939 年夏天开始合谋的时候,西方民主国家似乎忽视了这一事实。”
"Ribbentrop had talked with more frankness when he paid a state visit to Warsaw four days before. He again raised with Beck the question of Hitler s demands concerning Danzig and communications through the Corridor, insisting that they were “extremely moderate.” But neither on these questions nor on his insistence that Poland join the Anti-Comintern Pact against the Soviet Union did the German Foreign Minister get a *
As a result of that war, Poland pushed its eastern boundary 150 miles east of the ethnographic Curzon Line, at the expense of the Soviet Union— a frontier which transferred four and a half million Ukrainians and one and a half million White Russians to Polish rule. Thus Poland’s western and eastern borders were unacceptable to Germany and Russia respectively— a fact which seems to have been lost sight of in the Western democracies when Berlin and Moscow began to draw together in the summer of 1939."
"Ribbentrop had talked with more frankness when he paid a state visit to Warsaw four days before. He again raised with Beck the question of Hitler s demands concerning Danzig and communications through the Corridor, insisting that they were “extremely moderate.” But neither on these questions nor on his insistence that Poland join the Anti-Comintern Pact against the Soviet Union did the German Foreign Minister get a *
As a result of that war, Poland pushed its eastern boundary 150 miles east of the ethnographic Curzon Line, at the expense of the Soviet Union— a frontier which transferred four and a half million Ukrainians and one and a half million White Russians to Polish rule. Thus Poland’s western and eastern borders were unacceptable to Germany and Russia respectively— a fact which seems to have been lost sight of in the Western democracies when Berlin and Moscow began to draw together in the summer of 1939."
#28 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
在三天前,苏联外长李特维诺夫提议召开一次欧洲会议 ... 由法国、英国、波兰、俄罗斯、罗马尼亚和土耳其参加,共同制止希特勒。但英国首相认为这个想法“为时过早”。他对莫斯科高度不信任,并认为包括苏联在内的四个大国的“声明”已是他力所能及的事情。同一天,即 3 月 21 日,英国大使在华沙向波兰外长贝克提出了他的建议,但贝克对纳入俄罗斯表示不感兴趣。这位波兰外交部长比张伯伦更不信任苏联,而且与总理一样认为,俄罗斯军事援助毫无价值。他毫不动摇地坚持这些观点,直到灾难发生的那一刻。
"March 21, 1939, is a day to be remembered in the story of Europe’s march toward war. There was intense diplomatic activity that day in Berlin, Warsaw and London. The President of the French Republic, accompanied by Foreign Minister Bonnet, arrived in the British capital for a state visit. To the French Chamberlain suggested that their two countries join Poland and the Soviet Union in a formal declaration stating that the four nations would consult immediately about steps to halt further aggression in Europe. Three days before, Litvinov had proposed — as he had just a year before, after the Anschluss — a European conference, this time of France, Britain, Poland, Russia, Rumania and Turkey, which would join together to stop Hitler. But the British Prime Minister had found the idea “premature.” He was highly distrustful of Moscow and thought a “declaration” by the four powers, including the Soviet Union, was as far as he could go.* His proposal was presented to Beck in Warsaw by the British ambassador on the same day, March 21, and received a somewhat cool reception, as far as including the Russians was concerned. The Polish Foreign Minister was even more distrustful of the Soviet Union than Chamberlain and, moreover, shared the Prime Minister’s views about the worthlessness of Russian military aid. He was to hold these views, unflinchingly, right up to the moment of disaster.
"March 21, 1939, is a day to be remembered in the story of Europe’s march toward war. There was intense diplomatic activity that day in Berlin, Warsaw and London. The President of the French Republic, accompanied by Foreign Minister Bonnet, arrived in the British capital for a state visit. To the French Chamberlain suggested that their two countries join Poland and the Soviet Union in a formal declaration stating that the four nations would consult immediately about steps to halt further aggression in Europe. Three days before, Litvinov had proposed — as he had just a year before, after the Anschluss — a European conference, this time of France, Britain, Poland, Russia, Rumania and Turkey, which would join together to stop Hitler. But the British Prime Minister had found the idea “premature.” He was highly distrustful of Moscow and thought a “declaration” by the four powers, including the Soviet Union, was as far as he could go.* His proposal was presented to Beck in Warsaw by the British ambassador on the same day, March 21, and received a somewhat cool reception, as far as including the Russians was concerned. The Polish Foreign Minister was even more distrustful of the Soviet Union than Chamberlain and, moreover, shared the Prime Minister’s views about the worthlessness of Russian military aid. He was to hold these views, unflinchingly, right up to the moment of disaster.
#29 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
... 然后在11月8日晚上和第二天下午,发生了两起奇怪的事件:希特勒刚刚好躲过了一起炸弹爆炸事件,以及党卫军绑架两名英国在荷兰的特工 ... 这起"刺杀案”最初分散了纳粹军阀攻击西方计划精力,但最终增强了希特勒在德国的威望,同时吓坏了佐森阴谋者,而佐森阴谋者实际上与这两件事都没有关系。
... 第二天早上,希特勒自己的报纸《Voelkischer Beobachter》单独报道了元首遇刺的故事。它指责“英国特勤局”,甚至张伯伦策划了刺杀元首的阴谋。 “这次未遂的‘暗杀’,”本书作者在那天晚上在日记中写道,“无疑会激起公众对希特勒的支持,并激起对英国的仇恨。我们大多数人都认为它闻起来有另一场国会纵火案的味道。
...他(希特勒)个人从炸弹暗杀案中获益匪浅...
"Then on the evening of November 8 and the afternoon of the following day there occurred two strange events — a bomb explosion that just missed killing Hitler and the kidnaping by the S.S. of two British agents in Holland near the German border — which at first distracted the Nazi warlord from his plans for attacking the West and yet in the end bolstered his prestige in Germany while frightening the Zossen conspirators, who actually had nothing to do with either happening.
Twelve minutes after Hitler had finished making his annual speech, on the evening of November 8, to the “Old Guard” party cronies at the Buer Sitzkrieg in the West gerbraukeller in Munich in commemoration of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, a shorter speech than usual, a bomb which had been planted in a pillar directly behind the speaker’s platform exploded, killing seven persons and wounding sixty-three others. By that time all the important Nazi leaders, with Hitler at their head, had hurriedly left the premises, though it had been their custom in former years to linger over their beers and reminisce with old party comrades about the early putsch. The next morning Hitler’s own paper, the Voelkischer Beobachter, alone carried the story of the attempt on the Fuehrer’s life. It blamed the “British Secret Service” and even Chamberlain for the foul deed. “The attempted ‘assassination,’ ” I wrote that evening in my diary, “undoubtedly will buck up public opinion behind Hitler and stir up hatred of England . . „ Most of us think it smells of another Reichstag fire.”
... apparently on the express orders of Hitler, who had personally gained so much from the bombing ..."
... 第二天早上,希特勒自己的报纸《Voelkischer Beobachter》单独报道了元首遇刺的故事。它指责“英国特勤局”,甚至张伯伦策划了刺杀元首的阴谋。 “这次未遂的‘暗杀’,”本书作者在那天晚上在日记中写道,“无疑会激起公众对希特勒的支持,并激起对英国的仇恨。我们大多数人都认为它闻起来有另一场国会纵火案的味道。
...他(希特勒)个人从炸弹暗杀案中获益匪浅...
"Then on the evening of November 8 and the afternoon of the following day there occurred two strange events — a bomb explosion that just missed killing Hitler and the kidnaping by the S.S. of two British agents in Holland near the German border — which at first distracted the Nazi warlord from his plans for attacking the West and yet in the end bolstered his prestige in Germany while frightening the Zossen conspirators, who actually had nothing to do with either happening.
Twelve minutes after Hitler had finished making his annual speech, on the evening of November 8, to the “Old Guard” party cronies at the Buer Sitzkrieg in the West gerbraukeller in Munich in commemoration of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, a shorter speech than usual, a bomb which had been planted in a pillar directly behind the speaker’s platform exploded, killing seven persons and wounding sixty-three others. By that time all the important Nazi leaders, with Hitler at their head, had hurriedly left the premises, though it had been their custom in former years to linger over their beers and reminisce with old party comrades about the early putsch. The next morning Hitler’s own paper, the Voelkischer Beobachter, alone carried the story of the attempt on the Fuehrer’s life. It blamed the “British Secret Service” and even Chamberlain for the foul deed. “The attempted ‘assassination,’ ” I wrote that evening in my diary, “undoubtedly will buck up public opinion behind Hitler and stir up hatred of England . . „ Most of us think it smells of another Reichstag fire.”
... apparently on the express orders of Hitler, who had personally gained so much from the bombing ..."
#30 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
“物理学界的爱因斯坦和弗兰克,化学界的哈伯、威尔施塔特和瓦尔堡等伟大的老师都被解雇或退休 ... 德国学术界有很多著名的名字:卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯(Karl Jaspers)、E. I. 冈贝尔(E. I. Gumbel)、西奥多·利特(Theodor Litt)、卡尔·巴特(Karl Barth)、朱利叶斯·艾宾浩斯(Julius Ebbinghaus)等等。他们中的大多数人移民了,首先去了瑞士、荷兰和英国,最终去了美国……
事实证明,纳粹德国的损失却是自由世界的收获,尤其是在争夺第一个原子弹的竞赛中 ... 真是命运的讽刺之一,美国原子弹研制的成功在很大程度上归功于两个因为种族而被法西斯轰走的人:来自德国的爱因斯坦和来自意大利的费米。 ”
"Great teachers such as Einstein and Franck in physics, Haber, Willstaetter and Warburg in chemistry, were fired or retired. Those who remained, many of them, were bitten by the Nazi aberrations and attempted to apply them to pure science ...
... there were names famous in the German academic world: Karl Jaspers, E. I. Gumbel, Theodor Litt, Karl Barth, Julius Ebbinghaus and dozen of others. Most of them emigrated, first to Switzerland, Holland and England and eventually to America ...
... Nazi Germany’s loss, as it turned out, was the free world’s gain, especially in the race to be the first with the atom bomb ... It was one of the ironies of fate that the development of the bomb in the United States owed so much to two men who had been exiled because of race from the Nazi and Fascist dictatorships: Einstein from Germany and Fermi from Italy. "
事实证明,纳粹德国的损失却是自由世界的收获,尤其是在争夺第一个原子弹的竞赛中 ... 真是命运的讽刺之一,美国原子弹研制的成功在很大程度上归功于两个因为种族而被法西斯轰走的人:来自德国的爱因斯坦和来自意大利的费米。 ”
"Great teachers such as Einstein and Franck in physics, Haber, Willstaetter and Warburg in chemistry, were fired or retired. Those who remained, many of them, were bitten by the Nazi aberrations and attempted to apply them to pure science ...
... there were names famous in the German academic world: Karl Jaspers, E. I. Gumbel, Theodor Litt, Karl Barth, Julius Ebbinghaus and dozen of others. Most of them emigrated, first to Switzerland, Holland and England and eventually to America ...
... Nazi Germany’s loss, as it turned out, was the free world’s gain, especially in the race to be the first with the atom bomb ... It was one of the ironies of fate that the development of the bomb in the United States owed so much to two men who had been exiled because of race from the Nazi and Fascist dictatorships: Einstein from Germany and Fermi from Italy. "
上次由 fieldman 在 2024年 12月 9日 17:52 修改。
#31 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
fieldman 写了: 2024年 12月 9日 17:49 “物理学界的爱因斯坦和弗兰克,化学界的哈伯、威尔施塔特和瓦尔堡等伟大的老师都被解雇或退休 ... 德国学术界有很多著名的名字:卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯(Karl Jaspers)、E. I. 冈贝尔(E. I. Gumbel)、西奥多·利特(Theodor Litt)、卡尔·巴特(Karl Barth)、朱利叶斯·艾宾浩斯(Julius Ebbinghaus)等等。他们中的大多数人移民了,首先去了瑞士、荷兰和英国,最终去了美国……
事实证明,纳粹德国的损失却是自由世界的收获,尤其是在争夺第一个原子弹的竞赛中 ... 真是命运的讽刺之一,美国原子弹研制的成功在很大程度上归功于两个因为宗族而被法西斯轰走的人:来自德国的爱因斯坦和来自意大利的费米。 ”
"Great teachers such as Einstein and Franck in physics, Haber, Willstaetter and Warburg in chemistry, were fired or retired. Those who remained, many of them, were bitten by the Nazi aberrations and attempted to apply them to pure science ...
... there were names famous in the German academic world: Karl Jaspers, E. I. Gumbel, Theodor Litt, Karl Barth, Julius Ebbinghaus and dozen of others. Most of them emigrated, first to Switzerland, Holland and England and eventually to America ...
... Nazi Germany’s loss, as it turned out, was the free world’s gain, especially in the race to be the first with the atom bomb ... It was one of the ironies of fate that the development of the bomb in the United States owed so much to two men who had been exiled because of race from the Nazi and Fascist dictatorships: Einstein from Germany and Fermi from Italy. "
#32 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
“顺便说一句,希特勒还在该命令中宣布,一旦军事行动结束,俄罗斯将“分裂为拥有自己政府的各个国家。”具体如何做到这一点,需要由阿尔弗雷德·罗森伯格来解决,这位令人困惑的人波罗的海人(现爱沙尼亚)是纳粹主要思想家,正如我们所见,他是希特勒在慕尼黑时代的早期导师之一。
...
到五月初,罗森伯格已经为德国历史上最伟大的征服绘制了第一份冗长的蓝图。首先,俄罗斯欧洲部分被划分为所谓的帝国人民委员部。俄罗斯,波兰将成为德国的保护国,称为奥斯特兰。乌克兰获得独立,“成为与德国结盟的国家”,拥有丰富油田的高加索将由德国“全权代表”统治,波罗的海三个国家,立陶宛,爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚,和白俄罗斯将形成准备完全并入大德意志帝国的德国保护国。”
"Incidentally, Hitler also declared in this order that as soon as military operations were concluded Russia would be “divided up into individual states with governments of their own.” Just how this would be done was to be worked out by Alfred Rosenberg, the befuddled Balt and officially the leading Nazi thinker, who had been, as we have seen, one of Hitler’s early mentors in the Munich days.
By early May, Rosenberg had drawn up his first wordy blueprint for what promised to be the greatest German conquest in history. To begin with, European Russia was to be divided up into so-called Reich Commissariats. Russian Poland would become a German protectorate called Ostland, the Ukraine “an independent state in alliance with Germany,” Caucasia, with its rich oil fields, would be ruled by a German “plenipotentiary,” and the three Baltic States and White Russia would form a German protectorate preparatory to being annexed outright to the Greater German Reich."
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到五月初,罗森伯格已经为德国历史上最伟大的征服绘制了第一份冗长的蓝图。首先,俄罗斯欧洲部分被划分为所谓的帝国人民委员部。俄罗斯,波兰将成为德国的保护国,称为奥斯特兰。乌克兰获得独立,“成为与德国结盟的国家”,拥有丰富油田的高加索将由德国“全权代表”统治,波罗的海三个国家,立陶宛,爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚,和白俄罗斯将形成准备完全并入大德意志帝国的德国保护国。”
"Incidentally, Hitler also declared in this order that as soon as military operations were concluded Russia would be “divided up into individual states with governments of their own.” Just how this would be done was to be worked out by Alfred Rosenberg, the befuddled Balt and officially the leading Nazi thinker, who had been, as we have seen, one of Hitler’s early mentors in the Munich days.
By early May, Rosenberg had drawn up his first wordy blueprint for what promised to be the greatest German conquest in history. To begin with, European Russia was to be divided up into so-called Reich Commissariats. Russian Poland would become a German protectorate called Ostland, the Ukraine “an independent state in alliance with Germany,” Caucasia, with its rich oil fields, would be ruled by a German “plenipotentiary,” and the three Baltic States and White Russia would form a German protectorate preparatory to being annexed outright to the Greater German Reich."
#33 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
“当然,希特勒通过的法律对犹太人的迫害是昭然若揭的。比如,所谓的1935纽伦堡法,就是剥夺了德国犹太人的公民身份。”
“There was nothing hidden, of course, about the laws which Hitler decreed against the Jews or about the government-sponsored persecution of these hapless people. The so-called Nuremberg Laws of September 15, 1935, deprived the Jews of German citizenship, confining them to the status of “subjects.”
“There was nothing hidden, of course, about the laws which Hitler decreed against the Jews or about the government-sponsored persecution of these hapless people. The so-called Nuremberg Laws of September 15, 1935, deprived the Jews of German citizenship, confining them to the status of “subjects.”
#34 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
德国在普鲁士帝国时期就有民选议会了,而且是真的有权力否决皇帝的预算,法律必须要议会点头,皇帝也没有办法,中国现在都没有这个自由jhe123 写了: 2024年 11月 25日 16:01 德国走向共和的历史比中国还短,所以希特勒可以摧毁共和复辟独裁完全不意外。
不看各国历史差异,把美国现在发生的事情和德国历史做一个似是而非的并列,就断定德国发生的就会在美国发生,呵呵, 这种思维实在是太肤浅了。
我爷爷李世民是一位万国来朝的伟大人物,现在我之所以落到这个地步,全是美帝的错。--皇汉粉蛆小将
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#36 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
希特勒肯定不属于回归旧制度,德国的旧制度有很多贵族作为皇帝和平民之间的中间层作为缓冲稀释了统治者的权力,希特勒算是引进了半个列宁党的专政工具,利用党的组织机构把最高权力直接插到了基层jhe123 写了: 2024年 11月 27日 16:02 一个脱离帝制才12年的国家,而且共和制度的完善性还比不上同期的中华民国,作者说这些话就完全是用今天的思维来讲述当时的情况,说的好像当时有多少人反对纳粹似的。对当时的德国人来说,纳粹并不是负面反动的思潮,只不过是德国传统在现代制度下的回归,是德国救亡图存恢复往日荣光的领路人,是符合德国国情的正确选择。
我爷爷李世民是一位万国来朝的伟大人物,现在我之所以落到这个地步,全是美帝的错。--皇汉粉蛆小将
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#40 Re: 《第三帝国的兴亡》读书笔记
你一骂小胡子一群黄皮粉儿不乐意了,这帮弱智还是知道自己的主子是个神马玩意,舔的就是纳粹。fieldman 写了: 2024年 11月 25日 11:32 “1930 年 9 月标志着德国人不可阻挡地走向第三帝国道路上的转折点。纳粹党在全国选举中取得的令人惊讶的成功,不仅让数百万普通民众,而且让许多商界和军队领导人相信,这或许是一场无法阻挡的热潮。他们可能不喜欢该党的煽动和粗俗,但另一方面,它唤起了德国爱国主义和民族主义的旧情怀,这种情怀在共和国的头十年里一直被压抑。它承诺带领德国人民远离共产主义、社会主义、工会主义和民主的徒劳。最重要的是,它在整个帝国都引起了大火。这是成功的。”
“The month of September 1930 marked a turning point in the road that was leading the Germans inexorably toward the Third Reich. The surprising success of the Nazi Party in the national elections convinced not only millions of ordinary people but many leaders in business and in the Army that perhaps here was an upsurge that could not be stopped. They might not like the party’s demagoguery and its vulgarity, but on the other hand it was arousing the old feelings of German patriotism and nationalism which had been so muted during the first ten years of the Republic. It promised to lead the German people away from communism, socialism, trade-unionism and the futilities of democracy. Above all, it had caught fire throughout the Reich. It was a success.”
